Definitions

Categories Universe

FMCG

Fast Moving Consumer Goods (includes foods, personal care and home care; excludes clothes, white goods etc...). Total FMCG is not necessarily the sum of the categories shown below it.

Key Indicators

Panel data indicators

◦ Frequency of FMCG purchase: Frequency of FMCG purchase during the quarter compared with the same quarter the previous year.
◦ FMCG Average Basket Size: Average amount spent per trip in FMCG during the quarter compared with the same quarter the previous year.

Eurostat data indicators

◦ Food price index: Harmonized Indices of Consumer Prices (HICPs) are produced and published using a common index reference period (2005=100).
◦ Unemployment: Unemployed persons comprise persons aged 15 to 74 who were without work during the reference week, were currently available for work and were either actively seeking work in the past four weeks or had already found a job to start within the next three months.
◦ Constant Price GDP (based on Euro currency): Gross domestic product (GDP) at market prices is the final result of the production activity of resident producer units (ESA 1995, 8.89). It is defined as the value of all goods and services produced less the value of any goods or services used in their creation. Data are calculated as chain-linked volumes (i.e. data at previous year's prices, linked over the years via appropriate growth rates). Growth rates with respect to the previous quarter (Q/Q-1) are calculated from calendar and seasonally adjusted figures while growth rates with respect to the same quarter of the previous year (Q/Q-4) are calculated from raw data.

Sources & Methodology

Methodology

A consumer panel is a permanent, syndicated and representative sample of consumers, who provide ongoing details of the fast moving consumer goods they purchase. Using the scanning methodology, each panel member records the details of every item they purchase.

Consumer Confidence Index (CCI)

The Consumer Confidence Index (CCI) is based on households' plans for major purchases and their economic situation, both currently and their expectations for the immediate future. Opinions compared to a "normal" state are collected and the difference between positive and negative answers provides a qualitative index on economic conditions.

Category, Channel, Average Basket Size Trends and Channel Shares are all calculated/reported on value basis, with the value unit in all cases being the locally used currency, except for Scandinavia where a common currency (Euro) is used.

Sample sizes in # of households:

Austria: 4,000
Bulgaria: 2,500
Croatia: 1,500
Czech Republic: 2,000
Denmark: 3,000
Great Britain: 30,000
Germany: 30,000
Greece: 1,250
France: 20,000
Hungary: 2,000
Ireland: 3,650 (3,000 Republic + 650 N.I)
Italy: 10,000
Kazakhstan: 1,000
Netherlands: 10,000
Poland: 8,000
Portugal 10,000
Romania; 3,000
Russia: 10,000
Serbia: 1,500
Slovakia: 1,500
Spain: 12,000
Sweden: 3,000
Turkey: 10,000
Ukraine: 4,000
USA: 100,000

Trade Channel Definitions

Western Europe

Western Europe	Hypermarkets	Supermarkets	Hard Discounters	Soft Discounters	Others
Austria	Selling area > 2000m² (excluding hard discounters) e.g. Billa, Adeg, Zielpunkt, Spar SM, Mpreis	Selling area from 400m² to 2000m². e.g. Merkur, Eurospar, Interspar	Hofer, Lidl, Penny		Specialists such as pharmacies, butchers, bakeries, fishmongers, etc.
Denmark	Selling area > 2500m³ Bilka	Selling area from 450m² to 2550m² (e.g Føtex, Kvickly, SuperBrugsen, Meny	Aldi, Lidl	Netto, Fakta, Kiwi, Rema 1000	Specialists such as pharmacies, butchers, bakeries, fishmongers, etc.
France	Selling area > 2500m²	Selling area : 400m² to 2500m² (excluding hard discounters)	Lidl, Aldi, Norma, Colruyt	Ed, Leader Price, Netto, Le Mutant	Specialists such as pharmacies, butchers, bakeries, fishmongers, etc.
Great Britain	Top 4 multiples: Tesco, Asda, Sainsbury's, Morrison		Lidl, Aldi, Netto	no soft discounters	Specialists such as pharmacies, butchers, bakeries, fishmongers, etc.
Germany	Small hypermarkets: 800m² - 1500m² Medium hypermarkets: 1500m² - 5000m² Large hypermarkets: > 5000m²	Selling area : 400m² to 2500m² (excluding hard discounters)	Aldi, Lidl, Norma	Penny, Netto	Specialists such as pharmacies, butchers, bakeries, fishmongers, etc.
Greece	Mega Sklavenitis, Mega AB Vassilopoulos, Grand Massoutis, Carrefour	Carrefour Marinopoulos, Carrefour Express, 5' Marinopoulos, Sklavenitis, AB Vassilopoulos, Veropoulos (Spar), Galaksias, Atlantik, Massoutis, My Market, Arvanitidis, other small Supermarkets	Lidl	no soft discounters	Specialists such as pharmacies, butchers, bakeries, fishmongers, etc.
Italy	Selling area > 2500m² Assortment must include Grocery, white and brown Domestic Appliances, Clothing and Footwear.	Supermarkets with selling area between 400m² and 2500m² and superstores (greater than 2500m² but limited assortment) Excludes discounters…	Lidl, Eurospar, Dico, Penny		Specialists such as pharmacies, butchers, bakeries, fishmongers, etc.
Ireland	no hypermarkets	Typical multiple (no hypermarkets in this country)	Aldi, Lidl	no soft discounters	Specialists such as pharmacies, butchers, bakeries, fishmongers, etc.
Netherlands	no hypermarkets	All retailers excluding hard discounters	Aldi, Lidl	no soft discounters	Specialists such as pharmacies, butchers, bakeries, fishmongers, etc.
Norway	Selling area > 2500m³	Selling area from 450m² to 2550m²	Aldi, Lidl	Netto, Fakta, Willys, Rema 1000, Coma, Alta, Kiwi, Coop Prix	Specialists such as pharmacies, butchers, bakeries, fishmongers, etc.
Spain	Selling area > 2500m4	Selling area : 400m² to 2500m² (excluding hard discounters)	Aldi, Lidl, Plus, Familia (Eroski group)	Dia, Maxi Dia, Dia Market	Specialists such as pharmacies, butchers, bakeries, fishmongers, etc.
Sweden	Selling area > 2500m³ Citygross, Coop Forum, ICA Maxi	Selling area from 450m² to 2550m² (e.g Coop Konsum, ICA Kvantum, ICA Supermarket	Netto, Lidl	Willys	Specialists such as pharmacies, butchers, bakeries, fishmongers, etc.

USA

USA	Grocers	Drug Stores	Mass	Supercentres	Club Stores
USA	This government-defined term encompasses any retail store selling food items including not only supermarkets but also convenience stores, supermarkets and speciality stores such as delis but excluding wholesale club.	Those stores that carry Health & Beauty items in addition to prescription medicines, along with larger units that sell consumer packaged goods, limited lines of food, paper, and seasonal items.	Defined as discount stores, general merchandise stores, and variety stores or "dollar" stores.	A retail unit with a full line supermarket and a full line discount merchandiser under one roof; the store may have separate or combined checkouts.	These membership club stores are characterized by high volume on a restricted line of popular merchandise into a no-frills environment. The average club stocks 4,000 SKU's, 40% which are grocery items.

Eastern Europe

Eastern Europe	Hypermarkets	Supermarkets	Discounters	Cash & Carry	Small Grocery Food Retailers	Small Grocery Self Service	Street Vendors + Open Markets	Others
Bulgaria	Self-service outlet with more than 3 cash desk, which offers full range of groceries and general merchandise: Carrefour, HIT, Kaufland	Self-service outlet with more than 3 cash desks including big format outlets (Billa, CBA, Evropa, Fantastico, Piccadilly, -market), independent supermarkets, smaller local chains	Penny, Lidl	Metro	Smaller food/grocery self-service outlets with 1 or 2 cash desks, self-serving - including FantasticoMinimarkets, CBA Minimarket, Carrefour Market, Coop, Magazin 345, Piccadilly Daily, Promarket and others	Traditional shops, served by a cashier, 1 or 2 cash desks, food and non-food goods; (include Metro supported chain Moyat magazin).	Open spaces for trade, especially for food products	All other outlet format like kiosks, petrol stations, door-to-door sales, market halls, general stores, specialized shops, etc.
Croatia	Offering a broad food and non-food assortment. Over 2500m², Interspar, Kaufland, Mercator hypers, Super Konzum, Plodine, KTC	Large self-service retail market that sells food and household goods, 400 - 2500 m². Bakmaz, Billa, Biljemerkant, Boso, Diona, Idis, Kerum, KTC, Maxi Konzum, Mercator, Plodine, Spar, Studenac, Tommy	Limited range of food, often selling directly from palletts, focused on price (Lidl)	Getro, Metro	Smaller food/grocery self-service outlets with 1-2 cash desks or selling over-the-counter (Bakmaz, Boso, Diona, Idis, Kerum, Konzum, KTC, Mercator, Metts, Pemo, Plus Market, Prehrana, Studenac, Tommy. All other 'neighbourhood stores' included)	N/A	N/A	Drugstores: outlets specialized in home and personal care products / Specialized stores: pet shops, fruit shops, chocolate shops, butcher shops (Drogeries, Perfumeries, Pharmacies, Door-to- Door, Bakeries, Coffee Shops, Beverages discounts, Dairy Shops, Mail order, Kiosks, open Market, Street Vendors)
Czech Republic	Large retail outlets, food and non food assortment, offering large car parks (e.g. Tesco HM, Kaufland, Albert HM, Globus	Self-service retail outlets, mainly food assortment, 3 or more cash desks (e.g. Albert SM, Billa, Coop SM, Tesco SM)	Limited range of mainly food assortment, often selling directly from the pallets, focused on price (e.g. Penny Market, Lidl)	Selling only to licenced customers (retailers, small enterpreneurs , e.g. Makro)	Small food self-service and over-the-counter shops, mixed assortment (e.g. Hruška, Žabka)	N/A	Kiosks, open markets	Drugstores, gas stations, newsstands, etc.
Kazakhstan	Ramstore,Vester, Green, City Center, Silk Way City, A-store	Ramstore, Gros, SM-merket, Green, Interfood, Dastarkhan, Anvar	N/A	Magnum, Arzan, Metro	Limited food and non-food assortment	N/A	Street vendors, open markets	Drugstores, Specialized stores and Pharmacies
Hungary	> 2,500 m², more than 10,000 articles, at least 30% non-food, more than 10 cash registers (Auchan, Interspar, Tesco)	400-2,000 m², food and non food, 3-10 cash registers (Spar, bigger Coop, CBA and Real)	400-1,000 m², food and near-food range, cosmetics and chemical products, 3-10 cash registers (Lidl, Penny Market, Aldi, CBA Cent)	Metro	Selling area less than 400 m², 1 or 2 cash registers, range of food and non-food articles, belonging to named key account (small Coop, small CBA, small Real, small Tesco, small Spar shops) or being independent.	N/A	Street Vendors, Open Markets Vendors	Online shops, Drugstores, Mail order, direct marketing, D.I.Y etc.
Poland	Auchan, Kaufland, Tesco, Intermarche, Carrefour, Real, E.Leclerc	ABC, Aldik, Alma, Asort, Billa, Bomi, Carrefour Minut, Carrefour Express, Dino, Duzy Sklep Wielobranzowy, Eko, Elea, E.Leclerc, Euro Sklep, Grosik, Jedynka, Marcpol, Piotripawel, Rossmann, Sano, Savia, Seic 34, Spar, Stokrotka, Tesco Express, Tesco, Topaz, Zatoka, Zielony Market	Aldi, Biedronka, Lidl, Netto, Plus Discount	Eurocash, Makro, Selgros	Food and non-food, less than 3 cash desks	N/A	Street Vendors, Open Markets Vendors	Petrol stations, Pharmacies, Drugstores, Cosmetics shops, Kiosks, Wholesalers, etc
Romania	Auchan Hypermarket & City, Carrefour Hypermarket, Cora, Kaufland, Real, Succes Hypermarket.	Supermarkets include food and non food products: Angst, Billa, Carrefour Market, Mega Image, Profi Supermarket, Profi Mall, Unicarm etc. and independents supermarkets. Modern Proximity Stores: Carrefour Express, Carrefour Contact, La Doi Pasi, Profi City, Shop & Go, Spar Express.	Lower price for food and non-food products: Lidl, Penny Market, Penny Market XXL / XXL Mega Discount, Supeco.	Metro Cash & Carry, Metro Punct, Selgros Cash & Carry	Boutiques (traditional shops, which you can enter and find food and non-food products), kiosks and agro & food stores (traditional over-the-countershops for food, where you can also buy products for personal and household care). Including also General Stores & Specialized Stores (Food & Beverages).	N/A	Street Vendors, Market Halls and Open Market Vendors (open spaces for trade, especially for food products).	Other Shops: other shops – gas stations, drugstores, "Economat" stores, pet food stores, online commerce, etc
Russia	O'Key, Auchan	Sedmoy Kontinent, Perekrestok, Billa etc	Magnit, Pyaterochka, Dixi	Metro, Cash&Carry	Limited food and non-food assortment	N/A	Street Vendors, Open Markets	Drugstores, Petrol stations, etc.
Serbia	Over 2500m², food and non-food assortment Mercator, Interex, Super Vero, Maxi, Roda, Dis	Over 400m², minimum 3 cash desks, Maxi, Univerexport, Interex, IDEA, DIS, Tus, Roda	Limited range of food, often selling directly from palletts, focused on price. Tempo Express	Stores with specific payment regulation and/or specific membership cards Tempo, Metro, Roda	Smaller food/grocery self-service outlets with 1-2 cash desks or selling over-the-counter. Up to 400m², MiniMaxi, Roda, Univerexport, Idea, Jabuka, DIS, Luki Komerc, Gomex, Aman Hard Diskont, Dobardan	N/A	Street Vendors, Open Markets	Specialist stores Drogeries (DM, Lilly), Perfumeries, Pharmacies, Door-to-Door, Bakeries, Coffee Shops, Beverages discounts, Dairy Shops, Candy Shops, Kiosks, etc
Slovakia	Large retail outlets, food and non food assortment, offering large car parks (e.g. Tesco HM, Carrefour, Kaufland)	Self-service retail outlets, mainly food assortment, 3 or more cash desks (e.g. Billa, Tempo, Coop SM, Tesco SM)	Limited range of mainly food assortment, often selling directly from the pallets, focused on price (e.g. Lidl)	Selling only to licenced customers (retailers, small entrepreneur, e.g. Metro)	Small food self-service and over-the-counter shops, mixed assortment (e.g. Sama, Fresh)	N/A	Kiosks, open markets	Drugstores, gas stations, newsstands, etc.
Turkey	National Chains are provided as Hypermarkets. Main National Chains are Tesco Kipa, Migros, Carrefour	Local Chains are provided as Supermarkets. Main Supermarkets are Cagrı, Happy Center, Pehlivanoglu	Sum of National and Local Discounters. Main discounters are BIM, A101, Sok & Dia	Cash & Carry markets such as Metro, Bizim	Groceries are located under Small Grocery Shops	Groceries are located under Small Grocery Shops	Dry Fruits & Vendors and Open Bazaar	Baby Stores, Internet Shops, Door to Door
Ukraine	Stores above 2000 sqm, with more than 10.000 SKU of which more than 30% are non-food. With 10+ cash registers. Auchan, Karavan, Tem-Tam, Velmart, ProStor, Epicenter, etc.	Area between 400-2000 sqm, some thousand SKU (food and near-food). With 3+cash registers. Silpo, Furshet, Tavria, Varus, Brusnitsa, Billa, Velyka, Kyshenya, etc.	Area between 400-1500 sqm, limited assortment of up to thousand SKU, food and near-food. With less than 5 cash registers. ATB, Fora, Barvinok, etc.	Only 'endconsumer' part of business (CBUs). Metro C&C	Selling mainly food, less than 3 cash registers, counter or selfservice	N/A	N/A	Direct sales, specialized stores, drugstores, etc.